40,000 people died on the road in 2017, and human error was a factor in about 90% of these collisions. Currently, the technology just isn’t there, but considering the amount of money being pumped into the idea, it’s only a matter of time before self-driving vehicles take over the road. As we inch closer to the technocratic dream of super highways filled with robot cars, it’s important to remember that disruptive technology–that necessarily obsolesces certain industries–has a very real impact on society.

Last year, Elon Musk unveiled his fully electric semi truck. It can travel 500 miles before needing a charge, and features a very advanced autopilot system. Tesla claims the truck can drive itself on highways, and while it’s far from completely automated, it’s pretty clear what Musk hopes the next version will have. This is bad news for a large portion of the American workforce.

An electric semi truck

Currently, there are 3.5 million truck drivers in the United States. Including non-drivers, the trucking industry employs one in fifteen American workers. On top of this, there are around 375,000 taxi drivers and chauffeurs, and close to 700,000 bus drivers. It’s not just jobs that will be affected by automated vehicles though. Ancillary jobs, such as auto repair, will also fall by the wayside as new safety features begin reducing the amount of traffic accidents. While there are numerous benefits to automated vehicles, such as more efficient parking and emergency services, the transition from human drivers to autopilot is going to be incredibly bumpy. The assertion made by Joel Lee (editor in chief of Make Use Of) that “the long-term gains that we’ll see as a society far outweigh the short-term growing pains and inconveniences,” is one that echoes the sentiments of technocrats like Elon Musk and Dara Khosrowshahi. That said, someone would have to be deliriously out of touch to call the loss of over five million jobs (about 4% of our total workforce) an “inconvenience.”

The future

The average age of an American truck driver is 55-years-old. The median income is around $42,000 a year. It’s not a job that’ll make someone rich, but it’s enough to pay the bills and has been a safe career path for those without a college education. For many of these drivers, re-education isn’t an option. Middle-aged people with families and mortgages can’t afford to uproot their lives and go back to school. Self-driving cars may be a net good for society, but the technology comes with some risks.

That said, the propensity to eliminate jobs isn’t a feature that’s unique to self-driving vehicles. There are some who believe that within 30 years, most of our jobs will be automated, resulting in unemployment rates as high as 50%. Less optimistic estimates have stated that up to 73 million jobs will be eliminated by 2030. Essentially what we’re staring down the barrel of, is a Player Piano-type situation, in which the demand for work severely outweighs the supply. Unfortunately, the technological advancements that will eventually lead to our occupational undoing are going to continue. As professor Moshe Vardi put it, “the genie is out of the bottle.” There seems to be only two options going forward. Either American society moves to address the issue of mass unemployment, setting up programs like Universal Basic Income and supporting those who can’t work, or it doesn’t, and we end up in class system that’s so rigidly defined, the people at the bottom might as well be slaves.

Matt Clibanoff is a writer and editor based in New York City who covers music, politics, sports and pop culture. His editorial work can be found in Inked Magazine, Pop Dust, The Liberty Project, and All Things Go. His fiction has been published in Forth Magazine. — Find Matt at his website and on Twitter: @mattclibanoff